英文文法: “would” 用法 和 “just” 的解释

Source: Zhihu

(answered by: alexcwlin; edited by: Adam Lam)

Question:

学英语的时候，每次遇到would，just两个单词时，头就大了一圈，谁能帮帮我，它们分别有几个含义？

alexcwlin comments:

A. “would”

“would” 的中文意思是 “会/将会“

要留意的是 “would” 可以是 Past Tense, Present Tense 和 Future Tense (注一)

1. Past Tense

a. Past incident referring event in future

He told me last week he would come to our meeting this afternoon.

他上星期告诉我他今天下午要来参加我们的会议。

b. Habitual action in the past

When his father was still alive, the family would go for lunch every Sunday.

当他父亲还活着的时候，每周日全家人都会去吃午饭。

c. Conditional/Hypothetical situation use with “if”

My mother would be mad if I came home past midnight yesterday.

如果我昨天午夜过后才回家，我妈妈会生气的。

2. Present Tense

a. Conditional/Hypothetical situation use with “if”

You would recognize her if you see her.

如果你见到她，你会认出她来的。

What would you do if you were I?

如果你是我，你会怎样做?

I would fly if I were a bird.

如果我是一只鸟，我就会飞。

I would treat you to a big meal if you come to my house.

如果你来我家，我请你吃顿大餐。

b. Ask “who”, “when”, “what” “why”, “how”, “where”

When would we find time to play soccer?

我们什么时候有空踢足球?

Who would want to drive all that distance to see some stupid maple trees?

谁会愿意开那么远的车去看那些愚蠢的枫树呢?

c. Make polite request

Would you close the window please? It’s a bit drafty here.

请你把窗户关上好吗?这里有点通风。

Would you like more tea?

你还要多点儿茶吗?

Would you like anything else?

您还要别的东西吗?

Would you come to my house for dinner tomorrow?

你明天能来我家吃晚饭吗?

3. Future Tense

a. Conditional/Hypothetical situation use with “if”

We would all be dead if an atomic bomb is to be dropped on our city tomorrow.

如果明天我们的城市被投下一颗原子弹，我们都会死的。

I would ask for her advice if I should need her help in the future.

如果我将来需要她的帮助，我会征求她的意见。

I would buy a mansion if I win the lottery one of these days.

如果有一天我中了彩票，我会买一幢大厦。

b. Request in future event

Would you take your shoes off when you come to my house tomorrow?

你明天来我家的时候能把鞋子脱掉吗?

注一:

其他一些的情态动词(modal verb)可以用于Past Tense, Present Tense 和 Future Tense 是：

could, should, might, ought, had better.

B. “just”

Adverb: 刚刚，恰好

Adjective: 公正

1. Adverb

a. immediate past

You wife just left. You couldn’t have missed her by more than 2 minutes.

你老婆刚走。你不可能错过她超过两分钟。

b. about to

I’m just about to tell you the dinner tomorrow.

我正要告诉你明天的晚餐。

c. only

This is just a warning. But drive carefully next time and don’t speed.

这只是一个警告。但是下次开车要小心，不要超速。

d. barely

The cavalry arrived just in time to save the day.

骑兵及时赶到挽救了局面。

e. (for emphasis)

This is just plain wrong to increase taxes of the poor.

增加穷人的税收是完全错误的。

f. exactly

An Aspirin is just what you want.

阿司匹林正正是你需要的。

2. Adjective

a. fair and impartial

The verdict was just and fair.

判决是公正和公平的。

b. morally correct

The money raised in the charity event is earmarked for a just cause.

在慈善活动中筹集的钱被指定用于一项正义的事业。

c. reasonable

The proposed fee is just and reasonable.

建议的费用是公平合理的。

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